Examples for the Design of Structural Concrete with Strut-and-Tie Models (SP-208) contains selected papers presented at the 2002 ACI Fall Convention in Phoenix by members of ACI Subcommittee 445-A, Shear and Torsion: Strut-and-Tie Models. The publication’s primary purpose is to show engineers how to apply strut-and-tie modeling according to Appendix A. These papers will also give you insight into the development of Appendix A of ACI 318-02 and summarize important tests that confirm strut-and-tie modeling as a rational basis for the design of structural concrete.

“Strut-and-tie models are an excellent analysis tool for many design problems in concrete structures, and especially for discontinuity regions (D-regions),” says Karl-Heinz Reineck, editor of SP-208 and Chair of Subcommittee 445-A. “Where not properly analyzed and detailed, these regions can show damage or even result in brittle failure of the structure, as demonstrated by many cases.”

SP-208 presents examples ranging from classical D-regions to unusual design situations, including:

Deep beams (with and without openings)
Dapped-end T-beam supported by an inverted T-beam
Corbels (double and at column)
Beam with indirect support and loading
Prestressed beams
Cable-stayed bridge pier table
High wall with two openings
Pile caps

Most of the examples have been taken from practice. In addition to explaining the approach of determining a model, they point out where problems can occur in dimensioning or in detailing and anchoring of the reinforcement and how the design could be improved.

The implementation of strut-and-tie-models in ACI 318-02 is a significant step toward more consistent design of structural concrete. SP-208 expands on the rules and guidelines given in the commentary to Appendix A by showing engineers how to apply these models in a variety of situations.

Developing and disseminating information on the best use of concrete has been the mission of ACI International for nearly a century. Founded in 1904, the international technical and educational society, headquartered in Farmington Hills, Mich., has 30,000 members and 94 chapters in 30 countries. ACI offers 14 certification programs for concrete practitioners, conducts more than 200 educational seminars annually, and produces more than 400 technical documents for improving the design, construction, maintenance, and repair of concrete structures.

Download

Geotechnical earthquake engineering can be defined as that subspecialty within the field of geotechnical engineering which deals with the design and construction of projects in order to resist the effects of earthquakes. Geotechnical earthquake engineering requires an understanding of basic geotechnical principles as well as geology, seismology, and earthquake engineering. In a broad sense, seismology can be defined as the study of earthquakes. This would include the internal behavior of the earth and the nature of seismic waves generated by the earthquake.

Download

The fifth edition of Complete Building Construction contains substantially revised and expanded material to treat new developments. Some earlier material has been retained with slight modifications. Many of these changes are a result of environmental concerns, energy conservation, and increasing building and operating costs.
The book’s objective is to provide in a single volume a compendium of the best of current building design and construction practices, as well as information that is most useful to those who must decide which building materials and what construction methods to use. The emphasis is on the why of construction.

Download

This guide is written to provide useful information and design examples relative to the design of temporary lateral support systems and components for low-rise buildings. For the purpose of this presentation, low-rise buildings are taken to have the following characteristics:
(1) Function: general purpose structures for such uses as light manufacturing, crane buildings, warehousing, offices, and other commercial and institutional buildings.
(2) Proportions:
a. height: 60 feet tall or less.
b. stories: a maximum of two stories.

Download

Partially restrained connections, referred to as PR connections in the LRFD provisions1 and Type 3 connections in the ASD provisions,2 have been permitted by the AISC Specifications since 1949. With some notable exceptions, however, this type of connection has not received widespread application in practice due both to (a) the perceived complexity of analysis required, and (b) the lack of reliable information on the moment-rotation characteristics of the connections as required by design specifications. The notable exceptions involve specific types of connections that have been demonstrated, through experience in the field and extensive analytical work,3,4 to provide equivalent response under design conditions to that of rigid connections. The Type 2 or “wind” connections allowed under the ASD provisions are a good example of this approach. In these cases the specification essentially prequalifies a simple connection under gravity loads as a rigid connection under lateral loads. In reality, of course, these connections are neither fully rigid (FR) nor simple but partially restrained (PR). The code uses this artifice to simplify the analysis and design, but requires a guaranteed rotational and strength capacity from these connections.

Download

Download

This book contains lecture notes, albeit not covering all materials, delivered at the course on Advanced Earthquake Engineering Analysis that took place at CISM Udine in July 3-7, 2005.

During the last decade, the state of the Art in Earthquake Engineering Design has made significant steps towards a more rationale analysis of structures. Scientists have long recognized that earthquake design is guided by displacements and deformations rather than forces. However due to the historical background of structural engineers in static analyses, effects of earthquake on structures have been viewed as forces acting on the structures. All presently available design building codes are developed along these lines.

Our knowledge of ground motion characteristics, earthquake geotechnical engineering, structural behavior (design and numerical analyses) and model tests have advanced to a point where it is possible to anticipate a significant move from force based design approaches to displacements based design approaches. Although displacement based design approaches constitute the kernel of most research programs, they have not yet been incorporated in the State of Practice.
The purpose of the course was to review the fundamentals of displacement based methods, starting from engineering seismology, earthquake geotechnical engineering, to focus on design, analysis and testing of structures with emphasis on buildings and bridges.

Download

The aim of this publication is to (re-) introduce practical designers to the use of Yield Line Design. The intention is to give an overall appreciation of the method and comprehensive design guidance on its application to the design of some common structural elements. It assumes that the user has sufficient experience to recognise possible failure patterns and situations where further investigation is required.

The basic principles of Yield Line theory are explained and its application as a versatile method for the design and assessment of reinforced concrete slabs is demonstrated. Theory is followed by practical examples and the accompanying commentary gives insights into the years of experience brought to bear by the main author, Gerard Kennedy.
The publication is intended as a designer’s aid and not an academic paper. It commits to paper a practical approach to the use of Yield Line for the design of concrete slabs. It gives guidance on how to tackle less simple problems, such as the design of flat slabs, rafts, refurbishment and slab-beam systems. Whilst the publication covers the design of common elements, it is an introduction, not a comprehensive handbook: in more exacting circumstances, designers are advised to consult more specialist literature. The examples are practical ones that may be followed, but should not be extended too far without reference to more specialist literature.
Yield Line Theory challenges designers to use judgement and not to rely solely on computer analysis and design. Once grasped, Yield Line Theory is exceedingly easy to put into practice and everyone in the procurement chain benefits. Simple design leads to simple details that are fast to detail and fast to fix. Current initiatives such as Egan [4] and partnering, etc, should challenge designers to revisit and re-evaluate the technique.

Download

Download

Download